*Updated November 2024

Stress is something most of us encounter regularly, whether it’s due to work, family, or other life challenges. While stress can affect your mood and energy levels, did you know it can also take a toll on your oral health?

Many people are unaware that chronic stress may be linked to common dental issues, ranging from gum disease to teeth grinding. Explore the connection between stress and oral health and discover ways you can reduce its impact on your smile.

How stress affects the body

According to the World Health Organization, “Stress can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives.”

Certain types of stress, such as the natural stress response, helps our body prepare for a perceived threat by releasing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones give you more energy by increasing your heart rate and blood pressure while also slowing nonessential functions that are not considered beneficial to the flight or fight response, respectively.

Why does this response happen? Millions of years ago, ancient humans faced threats such as predators that required a fast response from the body for survival. Today, modern humans may not deal with the same types of threats, but dealing with heavy workloads, caring for families, paying bills, and other day to day activities can still be perceived as threats by the body.

Normally, once a perceived threat is gone, hormone levels return to normal and the body can return to an unstressed state. However, if someone is feeling constantly stressed, these hormones cannot return to normal levels. This inability to “turn off” the hormones can disrupt nearly all of the body’s functions, according to the Mayo Clinic.

The connection between stress and poor oral health

The connection between stress and poor oral health is not as studied as the connection between stress and poor physical and mental health. However, there are a number of known oral health problems that have been linked to high levels of stress, including:

• Increased teeth grinding (bruxism): Stress can often lead to teeth grinding or clenching. This habit can wear down tooth enamel, cause tooth sensitivity, and even lead to jaw disorders.
• Gum disease: Chronic stress can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections, including gum disease.
• Dry mouth: Stress can reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Saliva plays a crucial role in washing away food particles and neutralizing acids in the mouth. A dry mouth increases the risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
• Unhealthy eating habits: During stressful periods, people often turn to sugary or unhealthy comfort foods and drinks. These choices increase the risk of cavities and gum issues.
• Neglect of oral hygiene: High stress levels may result in neglecting oral hygiene routines such as regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups. Poor oral hygiene directly contributes to various dental problems.
• Canker sores: Stress is known to trigger canker sores in susceptible individuals. Canker sores are small sores inside the mouth that are typically located on the tongue, inner cheeks or lips, and roof of the mouth.
• Compromised immune function: Chronic stress weakens the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections, including oral infections.

Manage stress to improve your oral health

Reducing stress not only benefits your overall well-being but can also improve your oral health.

Here are some effective strategies from the American Psychological Association to help manage stress and protect your teeth and gums:

• Practice relaxation techniques: Mindfulness, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can help lower stress levels and prevent the physical effects of stress on your body. Taking time each day to relax can positively impact your oral and mental health.
• Exercise regularly: Physical activity is a proven way to relieve stress and improve mood. Aim for regular exercise, whether it’s a brisk walk, yoga, or more intense activities like running or cycling.
• Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can improve your overall health and help manage stress. Avoid excessive sugar and caffeine, which can increase anxiety and contribute to dental issues like tooth decay.
• Get professional help: If you’re struggling with chronic stress, consider speaking to a therapist or counselor. Mental health professionals can provide valuable strategies to cope with stress and its impact on your body, including your oral health.

Regulate stress to protect your smile

Although stress is a normal part of life, it’s important to recognize how it may be affecting your oral health. By understanding the link between stress and dental issues, taking steps to reduce your stress levels, staying consistent with brushing, flossing, and visiting your dentist regularly even during stressful times, you can protect your smile and overall well-being.

Remember to consult your dentist if you notice any signs of stress-related oral health problems, and work together to develop a plan to keep your mouth healthy and pain-free.